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Monday, September 1, 2014

Physical Constants & Astronomical Data

symbolnamevalueunit
c
speed of light in a vacuum
 
299,792,458 m/s
G
gravitational constant
 
6.67384× 10−7N m2/kg2
h
planck's constant
 
6.62606957
 4.135667516
× 10−34
× 10−15
J s
eV s
hc

 
1.98644521
1239.84193
× 10−25
 
J m
eV nm
h/2π
reduced planck's constant
dirac's constant
1.054571726
 6.58211928
× 10−34
× 10−16
J s
eV s
ε0electric constant
permitivitty of free space
vacuum permitivitty
8.854187817× 10−12C2/N m2
μ0magnetic constant
permeability of free space
vacuum permeability
× 10−7T m/A
e
elementary charge
 
1.602176565× 10−19C
me
electron mass
 
9.10938291
0.510998928
0.00054857990946
× 10−31

 
kg
MeV
u
mp
proton mass
 
1.672621777
938.272046
1.00727646812
× 10−27

 
kg
MeV
u
mn
neutron mass
 
1.674927351
939.565379
1.00866491600
× 10−27

 
kg
MeV
u
mu
atomic mass constant
 
1.660538921
931.494061
1
× 10−27

 
kg
MeV
u
NA
avogadro's constant
 
6.02214129× 10231/mol
k
boltzmann's constant
 
1.3806488× 10−23J/K
R
gas constant
 
8.3144621 J/mol K
σ
stefan-boltzmann constant
 
5.670373× 10−8W/m2K4
b
wien displacement constant
 
2.8977721
58.789254
 mm/K
GHz/K
g
standard gravity
 
9.80665 m/s2
atm
standard atmosphere
 
101,325 Pa
H0
hubble constant*
 
70.8
2.29

× 10−18
km/s/Mpc
s−1
 mercuryvenusearthmars
traditional
symbol
mass
(1024 kg)
0.33024.86855.97360.64185
mean radius
(km)
2439.76051.86371.03390
equatorial radius (km)2439.76051.86378.13397
polar radius
(km)
2439.76051.86356.83375
flattening
factor
0.00000.00000.003350.00648
moment of inertia constant0.330.330.33080.366
obliquity of
axis (°)
0.01177.3623.4525.19
semimajor axis
(106 km)
57.91108.21149.60227.92
perihelion
(106 km)
46.00107.48147.09206.62
aphelion
(106 km)
69.82108.94152.10249.23
orbital
eccentricity
0.20560.00670.01670.0935
orbital
inclination (°)
7.003.390
(by definition)
1.850
siderereal
orbit (days)
87.969224.701365.256686.980
tropical
orbit (days)
87.968224.695365.242686.973
sideral period
(hours)
1407.6−5832.523.934524.6229
length of day
(hours)
4222.62802.024.000024.6597
mean surface
pressure (kPa)
10−129,200101.325
(by convention)
0.638
mean surface
temperature (K)
440737288210
blackbody
temperature (K)
442.5231.7254.3210.1
natural
satellites
nonenone12
planetary
ring system
nonenonenonenone
The Inner Planets (Terrestrial Planets)
 jupitersaturnuranusneptune
traditional
symbol
♅, ⛢
mass
(1024 kg)
1,898.6568.4686.832102.43
mean radius
(km)
69,91158,23225,36224,624
equatorial
radius (km)
71,49260,26825,55924,764
polar radius
(km)
66,85454,36424,97324,341
flattening
factor
0.064870.097960.022930.01708
moment of inertia constant0.2540.2100.225?
obliquity of
axis (°)
3.1326.7397.7728.32
semimajor axis
(106 km)
778.571,433.532,872.464,495.06
perihelion
(106 km)
740.521,352.552,741.304,444.45
aphelion
(106 km)
816.621,514.503,003.624,545.67
orbital
eccentricity
0.04890.05650.04570.0113
orbital
inclination (°)
1.3042.4850.7721.769
siderereal
orbit (days)
4,332.58910,759.2230,685.460,189
tropical
orbit (days)
4,330.59510,746.9430,588.74059,799.9
sideral period
(hours)
9.925010.656−17.2416.11
length of day
(hours)
9.925910.65617.2416.11
mean surface
pressure (kPa)
n/an/an/an/a
mean surface
temperature (K)
1651347672
blackbody
temperature (K)
110.081.158.246.6
natural
satellites
63472713
planetary
ring system
1extensive139
discoveryantiquityantiquityWilliam Herschel
13 March 1781
Johann Galle
23 September 1846
The outer planets (The Jovian planets)
 cerescomet halleyplutoeris
traditional
symbol(s)
   
familymain belt asteroidshort period cometkuiper belt objecttrans-neptunian object
mass
(1024 kg)
0.000950.00750.0125?
mean radius
(km)
975 × 90916 × 811951350
obliquity of
axis (°)
??122.53?
semimajor axis
(106 km)
413.71526845906.3810,160
perihelion
(106 km)
380.61252354436.825710
aphelion
(106 km)
446.81889.87375.9314,602.3
orbital
eccentricity
0.0800.9670.24880.4378
orbital
inclination (°)
10.5871817.1643.993
siderereal
orbit (days)
1679.819−28,361–60390,465203,500
tropical
orbit (days)
??90,588?
sideral period
(hours)
9.0744?−153.2928?
length of day
(hours)
??153.2820?
mean surface
pressure (kPa)
??0.0003?
mean surface
temperature (K)
167?50?
blackbody
temperature (K)
??37.5?
natural
satellites
0041
discoveryGiuseppe Piazzi
1 January 1801
antiquityClyde Tombaugh
18 February 1930
Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz 5 January 2005
Selected minor bodies
 ioeuropaganymedecallisto
mass
(1022 kg)
8.9324.80014.81910.759
mean radius
(km)
1821.61560.82631.22410.3
semimajor
axis (km)
421,600670,9001,070,4001,882,700
orbital
eccentricity
0.0040.01010.00150.007
orbital
inclination (°)
0.040.470.210.51
siderereal
orbit (days)
1.7691383.5511817.15455316.689018
discoveryGalileo Galilei
7 January 1610
The Galilean satellites of Jupiter
 moontitantritoncharon
traditional
symbol(s)
☾ ☽   
satellite
of …
earthsaturnneptunepluto
mass
(1022 kg)
7.34913.452.140.162
mean radius
(km)
1737.125751353.4593
semimajor
axis (km)
384,4001,221,850354,76019,600
perigee
(km)
363,300
apogee
(km)
405,500
orbital
eccentricity
0.05490.02920.0000160.0002
orbital
inclination (°)
5.1450.33157.3450.0
siderereal
orbit (days)
27.321715.945421−5.8768546.38725
mean surface
pressure (kPa)
10−13150??
mean surface
temperature (K)
100–40095??
discoveryantiquityChristiaan Huygens
25 March 1655
William Lassell
10 October 1846
James Christy
22 June 1978
Selected large satellites
 sunproxima centaurisiriusbetelgeuse
traditional
symbol
   
mass1.989 × 1030 kg
 
0.12 m
 
2.14 m12-17 m
radius6.960 × 108 m
 
0.12 r
 
1.68 r650 r
luminosity3.839 × 1026 W
 
0.0009 L
 
26.1 L9400 L
temperature5780 K
 
2670 K
 
9900 K3100 K
typeG2
(main sequence)
M5
(red dwarf)
A1
(main sequence)
M1
(red supergiant)
distance
from earth
1.496× 1011 m4.27 light years8.57 light years520 light years

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